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What Is SSI (Supplemental Security Income)?

📅 Updated 2024⏱ 6 min read

SSI (Supplemental Security Income) is a federal program that provides monthly cash payments to people who are 65+, blind, or disabled AND have limited income and resources. Unlike Social Security, SSI is not based on work history — it's a need-based program funded by general tax revenues. In 2024, the maximum federal SSI payment is $943/month for an individual.

SSI vs. SSDI: Key Difference

FeatureSSISSDI
Based on work history?❌ No — need-based✅ Yes — work credits required
Income/resource limits?✅ Yes — strict limits❌ No income test
Medicaid eligibility?✅ Automatic in most states⚠️ After 24-month waiting period
Funded byGeneral tax revenuesSocial Security payroll taxes
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SSI Eligibility Requirements

To qualify for SSI, you must meet all three criteria:

  1. Categorical eligibility: Age 65+, legally blind, or have a qualifying disability
  2. Income limits: Your countable income must be below the SSI payment amount
  3. Resource limits: $2,000 for individuals, $3,000 for couples (not all assets count)

2024 SSI Payment Amounts

RecipientMaximum Federal Benefit
Individual$943/month
Couple (both eligible)$1,415/month
Essential person (caregiver)$472/month additional

Many states supplement the federal SSI amount. Your actual payment depends on your income — SSI reduces by $1 for every $2 of earned income (after exclusions).

Income That Doesn't Count

Not all income reduces your SSI. The SSA excludes:

  • First $20/month of most income (general exclusion)
  • First $65/month of earned income + half of remaining earnings
  • SNAP benefits and most housing assistance
  • Impairment-related work expenses
  • Student earned income (if under 22 and in school)

Resources That Don't Count

  • Your primary home and the land it's on
  • One vehicle (if used for transportation)
  • Household goods and personal effects
  • Life insurance policies with face value under $1,500
  • Burial funds up to $1,500
  • ABLE account funds (up to $100,000)

How to Apply for SSI

  1. Online: Apply at SSA.gov (for adults 18–65 applying based on disability)
  2. Phone: Call 1-800-772-1213 (TTY: 1-800-325-0778)
  3. In person: Visit your local Social Security office
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Apply as early as possible

SSI benefits can only be paid from the date you apply — not earlier. If you think you might qualify, apply now. You can always withdraw if you don't qualify.